Steam Turbines and Waste Heat Utilization
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The starting point of this lecture marks the introduction of the fundamental thermodynamics of the water-steam cycle. Based on the analysis of the simple steam power cycle, different process improvement measures are analyzed and different options for heat supply are presented and evaluated.
Building on the gained understanding of the water-steam cycle, the steam turbine is considered as an individual component in the next block. First, the most common types and design philosophies of steam turbines will be presented. Based on this, knowledge about selected design features of steam turbines is imparted.
As an important aspect of steam turbine design, the topic of "materials" is dealt with in a separate block of topics. Materials used in stages and housings in steam turbines are presented. The block will be presented by Dr.-Ing. Frank Udo Leidich, who works in the power plant chemistry department of Alstom Power Systems GmbH.
As further important aspect of the design and operation of steam turbines, the topic of "wet steam flow" is dealt with in a separate lecture. Knowledge of the underlying condensation mechanisms is first imparted. Building on this knowledge, measurement methods for quantifying steam wetness in steam turbines and design measures for dealing with steam condensation in steam turbines are presented and discussed. The course will also focus on water chemistry and its impact on steam turbine operation. The relevant corrosion and deposit mechanisms of water concomitant will be presented. Based on this, requirements for water chemistry will be derived and various measures and technologies for water treatment and conditioning will be presented.
As a further sub-aspect, the topic of "Operation & Control" is dealt with in a comprehensive block. Starting from the consideration of the start-up process of steam turbines, knowledge about the different types of control and important operational aspects is imparted within this framework. Against the background of the changing requirements for thermal power plants, special emphasis is placed on flexibilization measures and the effects of flexible operation on the service life of steam turbines. In the final block of topics, the use of steam turbines as prime movers will be examined. Special emphasis will be placed on analyzing the design and operational characteristics of these steam turbines.
In WS2020/2021, this course can still be found under "Steam turbines".